Do Big Companies Take So Much From Each Other - 1328 Words

do big companies take so much from each other? MCI, Inc. was an American telecommunication corporation, a subsidiary of Verizon Communications. In the article World-Class Scandal At WorldCom by David Hancock he discusses how â€Å"The corporation was formed as a result of the fusion of WorldCom and MCI Communications corporations, and used the name MCI WorldCom for a while and was succeeded by the WorldCom Company, before changing its name on April 12, 2003, as part of the corporation s ending of their bankruptcy status.† WorldCom Inc. began as a small Mississippi telephone service provider of long distance telephones. They are not the only telecommunications firm in financial trouble, there are many others who have financial troubles also.†¦show more content†¦From all of this their revenues fell short of expectations and response in Washington was crazy. On June 26th, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission charged the company with huge accounting fraud and fleetly obtained the court order excepting the co mpany from controlling its payments to past and current executives. The thing that happened was the company inflated assets by as much as $11 billion, leading to thousands of lost jobs and $180 billion in losses for investors. The main player CEO Bernie Ebbers, he did not report line costs by utilizing rather than expensing and had false accounting entries to the company. Eventually he got caught and their auditing department uncovered $3.8 billion in fraud. They were faced penalties from all of this and the CFO was laid off, controller resigned, and the company filed for bankruptcy. Ebbers was sentenced to 25 years of fraud, from his horrible mistakes. According to (accounting-degree.org) â€Å"Towards the end of 2003, it was estimated that the company s total assets had been inflated by about $11 billion. This caused them to be the largest accounting fraud in history. Line costs are what they pay other companies for using their communications networks; they consist mainly of access fees and move charges for messages for WorldCom consumers.† Beginning modestly during the mid 90s and on at an accelerated pace through 2002, the company directed by Ebbers used

Essay on A Dolls House A Raisin in the Sun - 3059 Words

A Doll House, by Henrik Ibsen, and A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, both have central themes of search of self-identity within a social system. This is demonstrated by women characters from both plays breaking away from the social standards of their times and acting on their own terms. In most situations women are to be less dominant than men in society. These two plays are surprisingly different from the views of women in society and of the times and settings that they take place in.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, which was written during the Victorian era, introduced a woman as having her own purposes and goals, making the play unique and contemporary. Nora, the main character, is first depicted as†¦show more content†¦No debts! Never borrow! Something of freedom’s lost-andnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; something of beauty too-from a home that’s founded on borrowing debt. We’venbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; made a brave stand up to now, the two of us; and we’ll go right on like that thenbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; little we have to (Ibsen, 660). Nora thought she did the right thing by borrowing money when Helmer was sick and not telling him. She knows that it was illegal to forge her father’s signature but feels that this crime should not apply to her because she had the good intention of helping her husband get well. This can be seen as an example of the subordinate position of women in society. Nora was thinking of the well being of her husband, while not thinking about the rules of the business world which is where men had all of the power at the time and even today. This is evident when Krogstad, the man she borrowed money from, comes to meet with Nora with the forged loan to discuss what she has done. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Krogstad: Laws don’t inquire motives. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Nora: Then they must be very poor laws. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Krogstad: Poor or not-if I introduce this paper in court, you’ll be judgednbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Show MoreRelatedLove and Marriage Illustrated in Raisin in the Sun, A Dolls House and Is Love an Art960 Words   |  4 Pageshaving the wedded bliss marriage proclaims today. Take a look at Ruth and Walter in â€Å"Raisin of the Sun.† Ruth is portrayed as a quiet, thoughtful woman, who would do everything and anything for her family. Ruth was even thinking about having an abortion to make her husband happy. Walter was a man with a dream. Walter always had his eyes set on the prize and would do anything to get it. In the play â€Å"Raisin in the Sun†, Ruth, Walter and the family lived during hard times when money was not so easy toRead MoreWhat Makes a Hero1664 Words   |  7 Pagesheroic act but her illogical and emotionally-powered attempts make her less of a hero and more of a hysterical woman in need of a proper period of mourning. Another female character with hysterical tendencies is that of Nora from Henrik Isben’s A Doll’s House. This woman, imprisoned in her own home by her overbearing and old-fashioned husband, leaves him and her children high and dry in an attempt to find herself. Leaving her children behind so that she can walk the path of self-discovery is selfish

Convergence Essay Example For Students

Convergence Essay TABLE OF CONTENTSExecutive Summary 1Introduction 2Part I Business Factors 3What is Convergence? 3Toll Bypass 3Utilization ? Getting Your Moneys Worth 3Part II Technical Overview 4Mixed-Media Requirements 4Problems: Delay 4 Packet Loss 5 Jitter 5 Network Technology 5Voice over ATM 5Voice over Frame Relay 6Voice over IP 7Inter-Vendor Support 8H.323 8Part III Implementations 10Types of VoIP ImplementationsVoIP through a router 10 LAN Telephones 10IP PBX 11VoIP Gateway 12Conclusion 13Appendix A ? Works Cited 14IllustrationsChart 1 ? Cost of International Voice Calls 3Graph 1 ? Long 1-Way Voice Transmission 4Chart 2 ? Summary of H.32x Standards 8Picture 1 ? Converged Network Architecture 9Picture 2 ? H.323 Architecture 9Picture 3 ? VoIP through a Router 10Picture 4 ? LAN Telephones 11Picture 5 ? IP PBX 11Picture 6 ? VoIP Gateway 12Picture 7 ? Ciscos Consolidated Data-Voice Network 13EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe universal belief, today, is that IP will become the transport for virtually all commu nications traffic. Yet, there are still fundamental issues involved with converging voice and data traffic onto the same medium. Many vendors and standards organizations are working on developing solutions that interoperate together. It is no longer desirable to have proprietary products that do not work outside the company walls. Users expect a quality of service equal to that which they are already experiencing. By making use of intelligent network design, advanced routing protocols and open-industry architecture this dream can become a reality. Umbrella standards, such as H.323, spell out a model that is non-vendor specific for providing voice, video and integrated data. Merging telephony and data will have two major benefits. The first, and most important to any businessperson, is the impact on the IT budget. Within the IT budget three areas will have savings: IT personnel, network equipment, transmission services. The IT personnel will have to be knowledgeable in both data and voice networking. Thus reducing the need for separate teams. In most cases the need for forklift upgrades has been eliminated. By simply adding hardware components and software the migration can begin. The second, and more significant than the first, is the new applications that this makes possible. Combining voice and data onto one packet infrastructure enables new capabilities that are not possible with separate networks. Together they produce a synergistic effect that can give a company customer interaction capabilities like never seen before. The network itself can be chosen for facilitating voice and data. The most impressive of which is voice over ATM. ATMs high speed, high availability, scalable architecture molds well to the requirements of convergence. Voice over IP is a more general technology allowing a variety of networks to run underneath its mature, sophisticated protocols. Several implementations allow for a gradual migration that many times uses much of the existing hardware. By properly planning and slowing making the migration, a company can be assured that end result will be a success. INTRODUCTIONConverging voice and data communications onto the same network is, by no means, easy. The two, although at first seeming alike, they are actually quite different at heart. Networks can be classified in one of two ways. The network is said to be connection oriented when a direct connection, physical or logical, is setup before data is transferred. Connection-less, however, simply addresses information and sends it to the recipient. Every packet is addressed and must be routed through the internetwork, meaning packets can take several different paths to the source. Voice networks are circuit-switching networks. They are connection oriented, whereby the caller and the called party have a connection established before talking. Data networks are a packet switc hing technology. No setup occurs when data is sent and received. Each individual packet must receive a network layer header with the destination address. When the packet is passed between routers, not all packets take the same path. This is because routing protocols have intelligent route selection capabilities that allow load balancing and other features. It is easy to see intrinsic difference. How do you make connection-less behave as connection oriented?Voice service has been highly refined for many years. Users have become accustomed to highly available, clear, fast connections when making phone calls. This presents a major quality of service (QoS) hurtle that must be overcome for Voice over IP to be accepted Protocols have been developed that use certain bits within the IP header to define the Type of Service (ToS). Currently, many vendors have used these bits in a proprietary manor but the IETF has decided to redefine them. Another issue arises when defining QoS, what do you d o differently with high priority traffic versus low? To this RSVP has answered with the ability to define a route through the network and then have high priority (Voice) traffic routed along that same path. The leaps and bounds that technology has made in recent years have opened the door to faster routers with much more sophisticated routing protocols. Enabling higher and higher data rates that are necessary for the limited delay requirements of voice traffic. Even network design has been rethought to allow for speeder and more reliable connections. Innovations and education from vendors like Cisco, 3COM and Nortel have lead to lowered congestion on network segments. This enables networks to scale as large as the company and maintain similar features across the whole enterprise. Throughout this paper it will discuss both business and technical issues associated with migrating towards a seamless voice and data network. It would be unwise to try to implement these changes too quickly. The quality of service users are accustomed to must not change. The object of networking is to increase productivity and decrease cost. A converged network promises both but the migration process must be well managed in order to ensure a smooth transition. Business FactorsWhat is Convergence? Convergence has been a hot topic for many years. The dream spawned by the Internets wealth of possibilities, of a combined voice, video and data network has fueled vendors to come up with an industry-wide, non-vendor-specific solutions. More importantly for business this dream spells big savings over the long run. Three areas of the IT budget should see savings. ? IT Personnel ? Rather than having data-network personnel and voice-network personnel. IT staff will be required to be knowledgeab le in both areas and therefore cutback to one slightly larger team. ? Network Equipment ? Although at first, in order to establish the technology, cost may be significant. By using Computer Telephony Integration (CTI) the need for dedicated, specialized devices can be reduced. Also packet switching is soon becoming as much as 20 ? 50 times more cost-effective than circuit switching because of its connection-less nature. ? Transmission Services ? Mainly dealing with cost savings from non-US calls. Convergence is defined as combining voice and data in one media without channellizing. There are basically five ways of doing this:? Point to Point digital circuits? LAN? Frame Relay? Corporate intranet? InternetToll BypassThe global market that we live in today demands that businesses conduct calls with foreign countries. The price of these calls can have a high impact on the IT budget (see chart 1). Destination Country Cost Per MinuteIreland US$0.40Japan US$0.35Israel US$0.75Brazil US$0.55For most large companies, US calls should not cost more than three cents a minute. The cost savings for international calls, on the other hand, by using VoIP is obvious after considering the volume of calls that occur. -Packet Magazine V.12, N.2, page 63Utilization ? Getting your Moneys WorthIts a fact that data communications is bursty. Meaning, data transfer peaks for a moment and then is stagnant. Consider when you are browsing on the Internet. Data transfer is high as the page downloads. Once loaded, you sit and read. The connection is idle and bandwidth is not being used. For a business, this unused bandwidth is wasteful because it could be used for other traffic that may need it. Utilization is formally defined as ?The percent of total available capacity in use.? Capacity being the total ?data carrying capability of a circuit or network in bits per second.? The cost associated with high-speed circuits is too great to allow them to go unused. Optimum network utilization occurs for Ethernet under 37%. After this point the network is too saturated with communications and token passing methods out perform CSMA/CD (Carrier Sensed Multiple Access with Collision Detection). For token passing methods utilization can approach upwards of 70%. WAN links, such as those used for VoIP, should be operating at about 70% utilization before considering an upgrade. Who Has Seen the Wind: Meaning of Life EssayWhen the remote router receives the Q.931 call request, it signals a line seizure to the PBX. After the PBX acknowledges, the router forwards the dialed digits to the PBX and signals a call acknowledgment to the originating router. All the responsibility for session establishment and signaling is with the end stations. To successfully accomplish this, additional enhancements must be made to the signaling stack. H.323 is such an addition and will be discussed in-depth next. Corporations should already have an IP addressing scheme in place. The voice interfaces will show up as additional nodes, either as an extension of the existing scheme or with new IP addresses. The dial plan mapper performs translation of these addresses. The destination telephone number or some portion is mapped to the destination IP address. When the number is received from the PBX, the router compares the number to those mapped in the routing table. If a match is found, the call is routed to the IP host and is transparent to the user. VoIP real strength is rooted in IPs mature and sophisticated routing protocols. By using routing protocols such as Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) specific factors including delay are taken into consideration for best route decisions. Other advanced features like policy routing and access-list allow you to create highly secure networks. Increasing innovations, such as tag switching, are also being developed to allow better traffic engineering. This will lead to the ability to shift traffic load based on different variables, such as time of day. Traditionally, IP traffic has been handled on a ?best effort? mechanism. Traffic was first come, first serve but voice is not tolerant to retransmission and delay. Also the variable packet size problem is an issue. Once again using RSVP to initially find a route through network and then using RFC 1717 to break up the large packet to a standard, smaller size was the solution. Weighed fair queuing was also used to put different traffic types into specific QoS queues and thus reducing queuing delay. H.323The ITU created the H.323 standard to enable mixed-media communications over packet based networks that do not provide QoS. The standard is said to be an umbrella encompassing various associated standards (See chart 2). Although H.323 provides support for audio, video, data and multipoint conferencing, only the audio support is mandatory. H.320 H.321 H.322 H.323 H.324Purpose Narrowband ISDN Broadband ISDN, LAN, ATM Guaranteed bandwidth packet networks No guaranteed bandwidth packet networks and Ethernet Analog PSTN telephone systemAudio G.711, 722, 728 G.711, 722, 728 G.711, 722, 728 G.711, 722, 723, 728, 729 G.723Video H.261, 263 H.261, 263 H.261, 263 H.261, 263 H.261, 263Multipoint H.231, 243 H.231, 243 H.242, 243 H.323 Control H.320, 242 H.242 H.231, 243 H.245 H.245Interface I.400 AAL I.400, TCP/IP UDP/IP, TCP/IP V.34-The Irwin Handbook of Telecommunications, 4th edition. H.323 power comes from its multitude of other standards. Many applications are possible by using this architecture including: Internet telephony, desktop videoconferencing, LAN telephony, conference calling and mixed media conferences such as voice, video and whiteboard. Interoperability is a key feature in todays networks. H.323 uses industry open standards which when followed by vendors allows other products to work together. A general H.323 architecture is shown in figures 1 2 below. The TCP/IP network uses TCP (reliable connection-oriented protocol) for call setup and UDP (fast, connection-less protocol) for voice packets. A signaling channel known as the RAS channel is used for communications between devices. Real-Time Transport (RTP) is used to sequence packets, compensating for UDPs lack of this capability. Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP) monitors QoS. -Figure 1-Radcom VoIP Technology Protocol Reference poster. ? Gatekeeper ? Manages a zone (collection of H.323 devices). o Required Functionality ? Address translation, admissions and bandwidth control. o Optional Functionality ? Call authorization, bandwidth management, supplementary services, directory services, call management services. ? Gateway ? Provides interoperability between different networks, converts signaling and media e.g. IP/PSTN gateway? H.323 Terminal ? Endpoint on a LAN. Supports real-time, 2-way communications with another H.323 entity. Must support voice (audio codecs) and signaling (Q.931, H.245, RAS). Optionally supports video and data e.g. PC phone or videophone, Ethernet phone. ? MCU ? Supports conferences between 3 or more endpoints. Contains multipoint controller (MC) for signaling. May contain multi-point processors (MP) for media stream processing. Can be stand-alone (i.e. PC) or integrated into a gateway, gatekeeper or terminal. ImplementationsTypes of VoIP ImplementationsVoIP through a RouterBenefits:? If a PBX already exists, it makes maximum use of existing resources? The service is completely transparent to users? The connection can be completed over any available packet network. ? Blockage of voice calls should be rare since the PBX can complete the call over the PSTN. LAN TELEPHONESThis configuration allows you to connect devices directly to the network. Analog telephones can be connected using an Ethernet adapter through a PC. The PC gives you a lot of versatility because it can substitute for the telephones button interface. Calls within the zone are controlled by the VoIP gateway rather than having a PBX onsite. This implementation is inexpensive and great for branch offices. IP PBXAlso known as the un-PBX. This implementation has PBX hardware and software function loaded on a PC running something like Windows NT or Unix. The various cards can be loaded into the PC and generate call-processing programs. Obviously, though, the fault-tolerance of an un-PBX compared to a real PBX is no contest. PBXs are very specialized and refined systems that are far more robust than any PC. VoIP through a GatewayThis implementation is very similar to VoIP through a router, however, instead of using a router to route the calls; the functionality is part of the PBX. This can be a function of one of the cards in the PBX or simply a stand-alone device connected to the PBX. According to the Irwin Handbook of Telecommunications, ?Some manufacturers such as Lucent and Nortel provide IP trunk cards, but others do not, in which case the PBX would connect to either the router or the gateway through standard T1/E1 or analog tie trunk cards. Technology Essays

Training Transfer Design, Characteristics and Job Environment

Introduction The traditional and formal employee training comprises the acquisition of new skills and knowledge. The people, who acquire these skills and knowledge, utilize them in different fields of gainful employment. This means that gainful skills acquired in training, should be applied in employment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Training Transfer: Design, Characteristics and Job Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Formal training programs are meant to enlighten, but not to be applied in employment. Only a tenth of the knowledge gained from training is taken back to the office. The expenses incurred during training are extremely high, and there is need for the employers to maximize on the knowledge gained. The non-transfer of training can amount to billions being wasted annually. Transfer of training means that the skills and knowledge gained by trainees should be applied throughout in their jobs. Cognitive strategies and behavior should also be transferred. The primary factor for the transfer and its aspects of success are a query of debate. The process of training transfer has challenges involved in its progression. After assessments, training and application, transfer of training should be planned. The design, characteristics and job environment are key aspects depicting transfer of training. The primary factors that play a role in the success of transfer of training process A positive transfer of training is the level at which the trainees apply gains from the training context to their work experience. The laxity in the linkage between performance and training defines the problem in the transfer of training. The transfer of training can be termed as near or far to situation. This is determined by the similarity and dissimilarity in training conditions respectively. The stakes of transfer of training are high. Considering these facts, it is necessary to improve the outcom e from all training programs while minimizing losses in transfer. The knowledge of this concept can be traced to the 1990’s, but the implementation of transfer of training in formal organization emerged in the 1970’s. The transfer of training holds that the generalization and maintenance are both utilized. Generalization incorporates application of learnt capabilities, while maintenance involves the use of the material for a period.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Managers and supervisors need to adopt competences in order to improve transfer agents. These competences are grouped into two categories. The first is influence and transfer support. Here, the managers establish transfer goals, challenges, and offer incentives to encourage transfer. The managers are also entitled to offer training to their employees. The second one is the result-oriented transfer. He re, results are analyzed, transfer issues diagnosed, and learning transfer process improved by managing its elements. Challenges of the aspects of the transfer of training The methods of evaluating transfer of training are numerous, and they vary. These methods also require intensive labor. The methods of improving entry level for motivation are also vast and numerous. Relationship between transfer climate and transfer preparation are influenced by the trainee motivation. Behavior change, if not detected and rectified, is an enormous obstacle. This will in turn affect the transfer of the training process. Another challenging aspect of transfer training includes the application of e-learning systems on the transfer of training. Without e-learning, the future of transfer training is inhibited. Pre-training impacts on the transfer of training process are challenging factors to the activities of transfer. Free will on attendance gives the employee an edge in acquiring more knowledge. It improves the learning process during training and the motivation to transfer training. Many organizations hinder this option as they make it mandatory for the attendance of the training. This will in turn affect the transfer in training. A new edge should be considered in the sense that the introduction of realistic training preview is implemented. Early managerial briefs will encourage the managers to brief their employees and encourage them to willingly attend the training. The managerial support is vital in the transfer of training. Remedial training is deemed to produce better motivation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Training Transfer: Design, Characteristics and Job Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The motivation of the program will be influenced by program reputation. Perceived results and value of training will also affect the job performance and in turn affect transfer in training. Theref ore, preparation of the trainee for training ensures optimum results in transfer of training. Improved entry motivation leads to comprehensive learning that enables improved transfer of training. Sustaining applications of the training objectives Factors that affects transfer of training includes the training design, training motivation, and workplace conditions. Application of these factors to the required standards will sustain the application of the training process effectively. The motivating factor on the transfer of training has since been utilized to improve the job condition through the learning process. Self-efficacy directly affects the will and motivation to learn. Furthermore, impact on motivation directly affects the transfer of training. Self-efficacy should be aligned according to scenario, as it is amenable making it easy to alter. Design of transfer can be done in many different ways in order to promote transfer of training. Active participation and learning to the maximum are types of designs of transfer of training and all contribute to the transfer process. The trainees can also use another design of transfer of training known as relapse control. This affects the transfer of training. Feedback coupled with goal setting in work performance improvement also directly impact on application of the training objectives sustained and on transfer of training. This essay on Training Transfer: Design, Characteristics and Job Environment was written and submitted by user Andrea Flores to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Importance Of Being Earnest Essays - British Films,

Importance Of Being Earnest The Importance of Being Earnest, one serious theme that I noticed was the consistent act of deception throughout the entire play. However this lack of honesty was not lonesome for insightful comedy and a visible foreshadowing of upcoming events accompanied it. Meaning that the play was cleverly written with humor and provided us with an obvious chain of facts that would lead up to us unraveling the end of the play. This play critiques the need to lie or exaggerate the truth, in order to "fit in" the norm of English society during the 1890's. The unique characters in this play portray a nonchalant attitude along with subtle gestures in a tribute to not being (earnest); they were not being honest. Specifically, they all had unique characteristics that made it easier for them to not being honest. They also did little things that supported their insincere personalities. This obvious hypocrisy can be noted as early as the first act of the play. Such a case as when Algernon's servant, Lane, openly lies and says..."(Gravely.) There were no cucumbers in the market this morning, sir. I went down twice." (p.38) This is where the first of many lies throughout the play originates. Even though one could consider this lie an unselfish lie, since Lane lied for his master and not himself, it is still lie, whether it is a white lie or more. The exposure of this lie sets the mood of the play, a mood of deception. Carrying out the chain, Jack lies about his name being Ernest, a name that impresses Gwendolen. If only he originally knew the irony within the truth, he really is Ernest. He evades his association with Cecily "Well if you have to know, Cecily happens to be my aunt." (p.32) Why does the playwright, Wilde, choose to have Jack dispense such a composite scripture of deception? Meaning that Wilde depicted Jack's character as a person who from the beginning of the play, was lying. Furthermore, these lies did not cease for they just evolved into more and more, thus creating composite lies that go hand in hand with one another. My guess for this attribute would be to show the ridiculousness of the need to have a prestigious family, unnecessary attributes to show for one-self and a name that show everything that you are not. Algernon's character proves to be as tricky as Jack, "In fact, now that you mention the subject, I have been very bad in my own small way." (p.61) Both seem to have a fixed fascination in depicting themselves as someone that they are not. This point is emphasized by the way Jack and Algernon jumped at the idea to be christened under the name of Ernest, which shows how their lack of moral values is further revealed. Furthermore, the variation on one's personality seems to be beneficial not only to the male characters, but also to the female characters such as Gwendolen and Cecily. These two particular characters find comfort and trivial value in the name Ernest since all they wanted to do was marry a man who holds that name. Sometimes there is just a natural progression of lies. Once it starts, it continues and that is evident within the characters of this play. That is why there is always an "Importance of Being Earnest".

The long history of puppetry Essay Example

The long history of puppetry Essay Example The long history of puppetry Paper The long history of puppetry Paper Prehistoric miniature stone figures have been excavated in many places. We can only guess what they may have been used for. Scholars try to attach cultural or mystical significance to these finds. Storytelling and play acting with dolls are invented spontaneously by children the world over. The making of miniature figures is basic to human nature. It is a fair guess that the main use is simply entertainment. In the fifth century BC Herodotus writes about ancient figures operated by strings. Xenophon of Athens refers to a travelling Greek showman putting on a puppet show. These men did not discover something new, they were just early-published writers, and they wrote about what was happening. A 12th century woodcut shows two youngsters playing with figures of armed knights on strings. In a 14th century illuminated manuscript we see three girls watching a puppet show. It looks a lot like Punch and Judy. Theatrical scripts have often made fun of authority and the injustices of life. In societies where the authorities had more power than we nowadays give them they often reacted angrily to deserved ridicule. The Commedia dellarte was an improvised popular comedy in Italian theatres of the 16th to 18th century. It was frequently banned and was often performed on the streets. The characters Harlequin, Columbine and Pulcinella originated here. Italian performers exported their art throughout Europe and further afield. In the French language Pulcinella became Polichinelle, in Russian Petroushka, and in English Punch. They also invented the slapstick, a stick that has two small paddles at the end of it or is divided at one or both ends to make a noise when it hits anything. This is where we get the term slapstick comedy. Polichinelle was playing in France by 1630. Samuel Pepys was a civil servant who kept a diary. He wrote it for himself in his own private code but it was published after his death. It gives a fascinating personal view of 17th century England. In 1662 this diary records the first English mention of open-air puppet performances. Pepys writes that he watched the puppets a few times, once he stopped for a show in Hyde Park and it made him late for an appointment with the king. First known as Punch and Joan, the puppets became a popular diversion on beaches and in parks. The performers were often itinerants and were often mentioned in literature. As readers of Dickens the Old Curiosity Shop will know they were sometimes of not too respectable personality. Henry Fielding wrote his brilliantly satirical novel Tom Jones in the 18th century. There were concerns about violence in puppetry then as now. Tom Jones meets a travelling Punch and Judy man who claims to have cleaned up his show and made it into a moral and refined spectacle. The entertainer enjoys a couple of mugs of beer with the patrons of a wayside tavern and then physically assaults his assistant. Fielding has his hero comment that he much preferred the show in its old form. George Cruikshank, who made a name for himself by illustrating the writings of Charles Dickens was involved in the production of a book that preserved a street performance of a Punch and Judy show. Cruikshank and publisher John Payne Collier hired an Italian performer, Signor Piccini, to put on a private show in the Kings Arms, a tavern in Drury Lane, London. The show was stopped frequently so that Cruikshank could make drawings and Collier could record the dialogue. Both of these illustrations are by Cruikshank. Piccini may or may not have been an Italian. Then, as now, entertainers sometimes invented exotic names and backgrounds for themselves. He was a great puppeteer. He could have one of his puppets take off his hat with one hand, throw it to the other hand, and put it back on his head. Punch and Judy proliferated in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Shows were seen everywhere and some of the performers became prosperous.

Medium and Profession Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medium and Profession - Research Paper Example Their role is thus important during the development stage, just before the system is rolled out. They could therefore be found in the research and development departments of Internet provision firms. The choice of this career is informed by the critical role that network architects play in ensuring that the Internet system works as required. It is a career that combines knowledge in both software and hardware to ensure that the modeling, analysis and planning of the Internet system runs as required. Network architecture career requires a bachelor’s degree in information systems. However, as noted by BLS (130), most employers would prefer applicants with Master of Business Administration with a major in Information Systems. Therefore, an early concentration in information technology, computer science, mathematics and language arts would be beneficial to a prospective network architect. Several years of experience make one a better performer in this profession. Though not repres ented by unions, the California Employment Development Department, EDD (2) observes that network architects’ unionization would vary by industry. For example, those in telecommunications could be members of Communications Workers of America. Such unions do not provide internship or entry level mentorship. This profession is important in the Internet medium as it ensures that the medium runs and executes the input commands as required. Information Security Analyst The roles in this career include planning, developing, implementing, upgrading and monitoring of security measures so as to protect the Internet network systems from security risks (BLS 128). Therefore, this career cuts across the various stages of the process of production, but particularly plays a critical role during distribution, when the Internet system gets exposed to security risks. These professionals would thus be found in the security department. The Internet is a large source of information accessible to p eople from all corners of the world. Thus, the choice of this career was informed by the need to understand the profession that enforces the security of the information shared through the Internet. This career also requires a bachelor’s degree in computer science with a majority of employers preferring applicants who hold a Master of Business Administration degree having majored in Information Systems. Hence, Kim and Solomon (423) advise high school students interested in the career to take keen interest in information technology, computer science, mathematics and language arts. No union represents these professionals, though they could join unions depending on their industry, such as the Service Employees International Union for public sector employees, EDD (2). It does not represent internship interests or provide for entry level mentorship. This profession is important in the Internet media as it provides for the protection of an organization’s content in the Intern et from attack. Additionally, information security analysts teach users on network security precautions and respond to any security breaches appropriately. Telecommunications Specialist The Internet medium provides for various media of communication including audio and visual. A telecommunications specialist plays the role of designing, supervising the installation and providing the

Castle family resturant Hris analisis Research Proposal

Castle family resturant Hris analisis - Research Proposal Example The evaluation reveals that each HRIS type has its own sets of advantages and disadvantages, and is suited for different kinds of business settings and organizational size. The large vendors have robust and fully functional solutions that span not just HR but the whole slew of offerings associated with full-blown enterprise resource planning software for large corporations whose operations can span continents and include manufacturing and other complex business and supply chain processes. To these belong the software offerings from SAP, PeopleSoft, Oracle, Microsoft, and other large vendors with matching global scale operations and reach. On the other end are small niche solutions that target small and medium enterprises, as well as open source software that are supposed to be free, but of course require paid consulting to implement and maintain. Then there are hosted solutions, with systems such as HRIS and ERP being offered as SaaS, or software as a service, which is the recommende d HRIS type for the Castle Family Restaurants. ... INTRODUCTION The idea of implementing an automated Human Resources Information System for the Castle Family of Restaurants makes business sense from the point of view of streamlining HR operations and in the process saving the organization time and money that can otherwise be funneled into activities that help grow the top line revenues, or else funneled into cost savings that can positively impact the bottom line, or profits. The current state of things is inefficient as far as the management of the HR function is concerned. The trips to the sites are necessary on the part of the key HR person, Jay Morgan, only in so far as there are no alternatives to doing the things that he has to do during those trips. The money spent on travel, if there are non-travel alternatives to doing those HR tasks effectively, can be substantial in the long run, and can help defray the expenses to be incurred from procuring the HRIS. Moreover, there are operational benefits in other areas of the HR funct ion as well, that can accrue from the implementation of an HRIS. The management of temporary staff can benefit from an automated HRIS, in ways that cut costs in many measurable and not immediately measurable ways. A temporary staff pool efficiently managed can be, for example, a more motivated staff pool, which may have positive impact on the quality of service they give at work, which in turn may impact business viability via improved customer experiences, more return business, and more sales. If staff queries and concerns are addressed promptly and well, via an HRIS system that does away with waiting lines and delays from manual processes, the result can be a more efficient and motivated workforce as

Why Was The Weimar Republic Unpopular Essay Example for Free

Why Was The Weimar Republic Unpopular Essay Why was the Weimar Republic unpopular in the years 1919-1923? Josef Wines The Weimer Republic was unpopular between the years 1919 + 1923 because of their democratic approach to government. They were not liked by the Germans because they were thought to have been ‘stabbed in the back ´ after they agreed to sign the Treaty of Versailles. Some of the reasons why the Weimer Republic was disliked were that Germans believed that by signing the Treaty, Ebert’s government had betrayed Germany. The Treaty of Versailles stated that Germany was not allowed an air force, the army had to be reduced to 100,000 men only and Germany was forced to pay reparations of  £23 billon. Also Germany had to give up 10 per cent of its land; all of its overseas colonies and 16 per cent of its coal and 48 per cent of its iron industry. Signing the Treaty meant that Germany had to accept its defeat. The loss of overseas territory meant the dismantling of the German empire and the loss of Germany’s status as a superpower. The loss of colonies took away the German pride and hurt both emotionally as well as financially.Due to all these loses, the Germans got very angry and rebelled against its government. There were many groups who rebelled against the Weimer Republic but the mainones were the Spartacus League and the Kapp Putsch. The Spartacus League was a communist party which was inspired by the Russian revolution in 1917. They wanted a communist state in which everyone is equal. They were led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg. The Spartacists main purpose was that they wanted Germany to be ruled by the workers council or the soviets.Early in the 1919 some anti-communist ex-soldiers formed themselves into a vigilante group called the Freikrops. Soon the Sparticists and the Freikorps fought bitterly and the Sparticists leaders were murdered. Ebert’s government faced yet another problem. In March 1920 a right wing opponent had challenged Ebert. These opponents were mainly people who had grown fond of Kaiser’s dictation and wanted Germany to have a stronger and bigger empire but this was destroyed by Ebert signing the Treaty and  changing Germany into a capitalist country. Dr Wolfgang Kapp led 5000 Freikorps into Berlin known as the Kapp Putsch. Germany’s army had refused to fire at the Freikorps but soon the Weimer Republicwas saved by industrial workers of Berlin who declared a strike which meant no transport, power or water into the capital. Within a few days, Dr Wolfgang Kapp realized his defeat and left the country. In January 1923, Germany failed to make a reparations payment on time causing France to invade Ruhr. This humiliated the government, which ordered a general strike, and paid the strikers by printing more money causing hyperinflation. Also between the evening of 8th November and early afternoon on 9th November, the National Socialists German Workers Party unsuccessfully tried to seize power in Munich and Bavaria. In conclusion, I think that the Weimer Republic were unpopular between the years 1919 + 1923 mainly because of the government agreeing to sign the Treaty which instigated rebellion and caused a chain of events.

Durkheim: Suicide and Solidarity in Society

Durkheim: Suicide and Solidarity in Society Durkheim and Links Between Suicide and Solidarity in Society Emile Durkheims third piece of work was, Suicide published in 1897 and was a case study of which the title describes. A subject that Durkheim was very interested in along with suicide rates and the aspects of social life which had an impact on these statistics. Durkheims own definition of suicide was applied to all cases of death resulting directly or indirectly from a positive or negative act of the victim himself, which he knows will produce this result (Durkheim, extract from Suicide p110). This instrumental piece of writing looked more closely at the sociological reasons behind taking ones life rather than the personal or psychological reasons. Durkheim gathered suicide rates and statistics from many European countries and these were analysed and played a large part in his beliefs that, changes in social solidarity were linked to suicide rates. He also offered his theoretical opinions on the social aspects that also, played a part in these suicide statistics and this essay shall delve more deeply in to the links between suicide and the changes in social solidarity. Emile Durkheim was a great believer in sociology, social facts and the aspects of social life that shape our actions as individuals, things like the state of the economy, religious influences or family. (Giddens, 1997). Social facts were important to Durkheim and he believed they ought to be studied seriously and as objectively as any other science. Durkheim was fascinated at how society was changing and transforming. That the very things that were important to society and glued it all together, values, morals and customs were changing with the times and to Durkheim this played a part in his conclusions on suicide and their rates. Durkheim spoke of society having sacred character and the emergence of sacred symbols. These were a key part of his theory. Durkheim focused much on social solidarity, he describes this as the belief systems and institutions which play a vital part in giving societies coherence and meaning in the way we relate to each other. As society changed it created new social situations and along with these came, what he called social conditions. These were things like severe neurosis and mental fatigue. All coming about as one type of society ends and another is born. He accounted several reasons for the changes in society, the boom of mass media, the vast increase in the use of steam power and scientific rationalism. Durkheim explained that morality was at the heart of social solidarity and its when social cohesion is lacking when those all important symbols, like religion and family, that bind us all together in a moral manner, fall to the wayside. These things taught us how to relate to one another and on their demise, society and how we achieve social solidarity demises also. In Durkheims words when society is strongly integrated, it holds the individual under its control (Durkheim,1982, Excert from Suicide p209). Durkheim makes a distinction between mechanical and organic solidarity. The first of which is what he considered to show the traits of a more traditional society. The division of labour was of a more simple nature and individuality was less common. He claims there was a far more collective consciousness and religion and god played a far bigger part in society. Mechanical solidarity occurs when individual differences are minimized and the members of society are much alike in their devotion to the common weal (Lewis A. Coser, 1971, Masters of Sociological Thought, p 30). Durkheim talks of legal codes and how when crimes are committed, they are offensive to the masses, not just the individual. In this type of society crimes and criminal behaviour are punished in a most serious way, sometimes even by death. In Durkheims own words an act is criminal when it offends strong and defined states of the collective conscience (Division of Labour, p 80). This contrasts strongly with how things are in this day and age and indeed when Durkheim noted changes in society, But today, it is said, punishment has changed it character, it is no longer to avenge itself that society punishes, it is to defend itself. (Division of Labour, p 86). Organic solidarity is related to a more modern society, where things are less traditional and things like family and religion are no longer at the very heart. This is a more capitalist society and has a high division of labour and specialised skills. The collective consciousness is less so and individuality is far more common. Social differences are obvious via class, race or gender. Specialized activities, different ways of living and individual dependence are all more common than within mechanical solidarity. Durkheim talks of the differences as individuals and as groups and thus a new form of social solidarity is born. Organic solidarity, presupposes not identity but difference between individuals in their beliefs and actions. The growth of organic solidarity and the expansion of the division of labour are hence associated with increasing individualism. (Giddens, p 77). Durkheims use of an organic analogy explains how he comes to use the term organic solidarity, Society becomes more capable of collective movement, at the same time that each of its elements has more freedom of movement. The solidarity resembles that which we observe among the higher animals. Each organ, in effect, has its special physiognomy, it autonomy. And moreover, the unity of the organism is as great as the individuation of the parts is more marked. Because of this analogy, we propose to call the solidarity which is due to the division of labour, organic. (Division of Labour, p 131). Durkheim believes that the division of labour, the rights given over more to individuals and that the division of labour was not a natural occurrence that benefited society and this is why organic solidarity was born. Durkheim spoke much on social solidarity and the division of labour. He argued that the process of transcending from mechanical to organic social solidarity was the very cause of new social and economic institutions and relationships. A more complex and specalised division of labour had not given the outcome Durkheim had predicted. He expected it would result in social economic meritocracy and this was not the case. Class conflict was one outcome of the division of labour. Anomic division of labour, Durkheim explains, happens in times of economic, commercial or industrial crisis. The unusual situation of conflict may occur between capital and labour and this would be seen as a non usual situation. Organic solidarity begins to break down and a state of anomie occurs. Forced division of labour happens when the division of labour does not continue organically. People may begin to act in ways that are aimed at protecting themselves or their position and constraints in place can cause inequalities between gender, race and or class. Durkheims interest in suicide and suicide rates within Europe stemmed from his belief that sociology could explain social malaise. He believed it was the path to modernity that caused social malaise. He also believed that psychology and neurology could only diagnose the problem not expose the social genus of condition. His interest in suicide was also stemmed from the division of labour in more modern societies and the importance of social solidarity on people. In another of Durkheims writings, Rules of the Sociological Method, he talked about the concept of anomie. Within his research he studied the suicide rates between catholics and protestants. He concluded that more protestants committed suicide than catholics did. His explanation for this was that catholics being more god fearing. and having more social control than protestants, stopped them from committing suicide as often as protestants did. Durkheim believes that the more social integration people have then the less likely they are to kill themselves. Those who have little social integration, less involvement in society, are more likely to kill themselves before they become a serious drain on society. According to Durkheim, changes in the modern world occur at such a speed and with such intensity, that social difficulties are born and these are what he link to anomie. A feeling of aimlessness or despair provoked by modern social life. (Giddens, (1997) It seems that part of this research could have been flawed. Durkheim didnt take in to account the guilt and shame that often came with Catholicism. Many times in the past catholic families would not declare their dead family members as having committed suicide for fear of not being given a proper burial or the shame faced by other members of the community. Therefore the statistics at that time could perhaps have been skewed down to these facts. Durkheim believed that the issues of social solidarity could well explain some of the reasons why people committed suicide. He believed those less involved and or couldnt identify with society were at risk of committing suicide or indeed those over involved with society too attached or unattached to the rules, morals, values and belief systems of society. Durkheim spoke of different typology of suicide, the first being Egoism and Altruism. Egoism suicide is when a person forms very little attachment to society. They cant see any worth in their own lives and suicide feels like a last resort.He claimed married people committed suicide less than people who were single and this was the typology that the protestants versus catholic rates would fall under. Altruistic suicide is the opposite effect. Its when a person develops an over attachment to the collective goals of society. He said this type occurs when people who belong to a tight knit group begin to feel threatened and in turn these types of suicide can almost be seen as honourable. More relevant today with suicide bombers, cult members and samurais. Durkheim described it as self destruction in defense. The second typology of suicide was anomic and fatalistic. The first being related too a person having a sudden and stressful change in their life circumstances. This could be from divorce to financial ruin, those who once held wealth and prestige and then faced to lose it all and become unemployed would perhaps commit anomic suicide. Fatalistic suicide, Durkheim explained was an intense over regulation of an individual by society. Therefore the types of people who may commit fatalistic suicide are slaves, prisoners of war or in earlier times perhaps women who remained unmarried or without children. Durkheim didnt consider this type of suicide to be common in the modern society. Durkheims work has been much accredited over the years. It was one of the largest studies carried out in a sociological perspective on suicide. His research methods and use of rates and statistics was innovative at the time it was carried out although as was the case with catholics versus protestants in regards to suicide rates, he did fail to take in to account the natural guilt that came with Catholicism. Some claim Durkheims approaches are too positive and or functionalist in nature. Durkheim puts huge emphasis on social facts and perhaps via this he fails to look more closely at personal phenomena. Others have claimed that Durkheims theories were not empirically supported . Durkheims work undoubtedly was remarkable in nature and offered a stunning insight in to suicide and the changes of social solidarity.

Admission essay for Christian school

I was born and raised in a Christian family.   I used to go to the Presbyterian Church but early in my life I was really not that interested in knowing God.   I was a so-called Sunday Christian, who merely went through the routines and never really believed.   My belief was different because I believed that I can do everything through my own efforts without God’s help because I was not a real Christian.I had too much confidence and pride.   Pride motivated me to do things that I know are not very Christ-like: the same way that it influenced Adam and Eve to try to become like God (Gen. 3:5).   This made it very difficult for me and presented itself to be my undoing at certain times.   When I prayed to God, crying, I was able to feel God’s love and I believed that tears are symbol of His love at that time.   After that, I heard that God’s voice.He asked me â€Å"why are you weeping† just like John 20:13.   Finally, I realized that I need to r econcile my broken relationship with God, and now I am proud to say that God loves me still.   I began to understand from this experience that God dwells in the heart of me and I am a very humble man in the world.   Only humility can please God and place my life in a position where God will listen to me.My basis for my assurance of salvation and eternal life is John 17:25-26.   It appeals to me because it is about our motivation of love.   The heavenly Father loved His son with an eternal love.   Everything in the heart and life of the Father was released to His son.   No human love could keep Him perfectly obedient to His Father throughout His life.   Only His Father’s love was powerful enough to compel Him to commit His life to the saving purpose of His Father.  It is true that it is impossible for a Christian to be filled with this measure of love and not to be on mission with God.   I will be incapable of ministering unless I have His love.   I have be en changed completely through this verse.   I am pretty much sure that Jesus was crucified on a cross because He loves us.People who received Christ will get eternal life through him who sent by God to save us as Savior.   Like Jesus Christ loved each of us, I should love others.   This is only way that I could appreciate Jesus and my ultimate reason that I become a Christian to reward God’s infinite love.I have been in the United States for around three years.   When I was in Korea, God gave me an assurance of His leading so that I came to the United States without any doubt.   I feel that this is similar to the way that the people God used mightily in scripture were all ordinary people to whom He gave divine assignments that they never could have initiated (Genesis 12:1).  As God sent Abraham to out of his country to fulfill His purpose, I came to the United States to accomplish His purpose.I had been taught discipleship and spiritual growth as well as English i n Intercultural & Missions Institute for two years.   When I was in ESL course in Concordia University, I had a Bible study course with a teacher who belonged to IMI (Intercultural &Missions Institute).   I read the Bible at least two page everyday and shared the verse with my teachers.   Additionally, we chose Christian books to learn about who God is exactly and I had a Bible lecture.I am confident to state that God has been building my character to match His assignment for me.   It was difficult at the start because I was impatient to begin my work and I still was not sensitive to sin.   Sometimes, it was really hard to keep my relationship with God strong.   Whenever I felt those emotions, I would pray to God, and He would tell me, â€Å"Deny yourself.†Ã‚  I seriously thought that if I can’t overcome sin, I may choose a standard other than God’s law on which to base my life and it devastates everything nearby me.   I am sure, however, that God will refine my character if I keep trying not to commit sin.The other thing that I realized is that God’s Word is plumb line and it is a dangerous thing to live my life without spiritual â€Å"plumb line†, or standard, by which I determine right from wrong.   After I had become a real Christian, I always called sin a â€Å"mistake,† a â€Å"bad habit,† or a â€Å"weakness.†   So I couldn’t escape its grasp so far.   That is why I always felt sin has robbed my joy and guilty.Sometimes, the image of God was not love but fear.   However, I realized that I should not allow pride to convince me that it is too humiliating to admit the sin in my lives.   That can blind me to its presence.   As a Christian, I know that it is hard to live just like Jesus.   I will never give my Christian life up. W hen He tells me what His plans are, I will trust Him and walk closely with Him just like I did so far.My ultimate goal is to be able to lead a life in the manner that Jesus taught us.   I am still looking for God’s purpose to begin His assignment.   The reason that I chose Biola University is that it is only this school that can help me to grow spiritually and decide my major.   Moreover, I heard that I have to take biblical classes to graduate from Biola University.   I really like that curriculum of Biola University.  I am not majoring in Theology, but I officially would like to learn Theology if I will be able to study in Biola University.   Whatever God wants me to be, I am always ready follow him.   I am sure that my spiritual growth will be better as long as I am attending Biola University.   So I can contribute to let people know God as I studied in this school.   I want to lead a life worth living to help other people as a Christian.My main philosophy in life is to lead by setting an example. I cannot expect others to do what I myself would be willing to do but that does not mean that I cannot hope that others will see the example that I have shown them.This philosophy is one of the many forces that drive me to pursue my dream of pursuing my career and of becoming so much more in life.   The chance to help those who are less fortunate in life, the chance to help those in need, the opportunity to be of service to humanity; these are the reasons why I have selected this as the profession that I will pursue; for, as Eleanor Roosevelt once said, â€Å"The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 

Why Do People Like Scarry Movies

For years people have been scared by horror movies and they continue going back. Alfred Hitchcock once said, â€Å"drama is life with the dull bits left out. † Why do people like to watch other people get hurt and die while being scared enough to make them jerk in their seat? Movie goers like horror movies because people in general have dull lives. Males just use it as a opportunity to get close to their partner, while females like to get scared while in the presence of their â€Å"man. † Every day people simply get up, go to work, and come home for supper before going back to bed. People believe that their lives are boring. That is why horror movies are popular. Movie goers like to be able to see blood, guts, fingers and toes, while having the ability to simply walk away. People in general want to have suspense in their lives but want to be able to turn it off. As for men, they like to be frightened as well as women, but most of all men like the sex appeal of horror movies. Almost every horror movie made in the last 20 years has a young attractive female actor running around mindlessly. If men were not attracted to this, then producers obviously wouldn’t make movies this way. Men would also rather take their partner with them to see these kinds of movies. Men know their â€Å"female friend† will want to cuddle up! Women on the other hand want to have the fear factor but want their partner to be by their side. Most women movie goers will NOT watch a horror film alone. They want to feel the protection of their â€Å"man. † It allows them to be scared while feeling secure at the same time. Men of course don’t mind this at all. They planned on it! Most horror movies are made for the viewing age of 17 – 30. The people in this age group still enjoy going out on the weekends to get away from the pressures of school and work. Horror movies give excitement and suspense in the lives of movie goers. It presents trust between partners when the girl jumps in her seat and clenches the arm of her boyfriend. It makes men feel strong as if they are protecting their partner. Horror movies allow movie goers to have a little bit of the real world while knowing they can go home and rest comfortably in their own bed.

Jest and Earnest Essay by David Woolf

Jest and Earnest Essay by David Woolf Jest and Earnest essayby David WoolfAnnie Dillard's "Jest and Earnest" is a complete contradiction. It compares three different points of views. The title itself is a juxtaposition, the word jest has to do with fun, and earnest is a sort of conservative seriousness. Dillard tries to convey her beliefs on creation and how even seemingly complete opposites have something in common. She depicts for us a vivid description of an occurrence and then justifies that occurrence. The imagery in her essay moves from a depiction of an atrocious act, to a description of beauty, and finally to a vision of both.From the get go, Dillard describes to us a scene in "jest" with frogs of all sorts laying in different positions. Some are above, some are below, and still others are right along the waters edge. Her essay progresses towards a more "earnest" situation where a frog is violently eaten by a giant water bug.dillard'sShe vividly describes the gruesome meal. The giant water bug first grips the fro g and then devours it by liquefying it's organs Using diction that would even make the hardest of biologists tremble, she is able to vividly describe to us the macabre attack and eventual consumption of the frog. She then justifies the act by stating that other carnivorous animals devour their prey in similar or even more vicious manners. Life is hypocritical she says because life itself depends upon the consumption of food yet survival depends on not becoming that food.Dillard then moves on to an act of beauty depicted by a mockingbird. The "jest" action of the mockingbird making a straight vertical decent from the roof gutter of a four story building was a beautiful, spontaneous act. Again, Dillard vividly describes the actions taken by the...

Why I Want to Study Business Essay Essays

Why I Want to Study Business Essay Essays Why I Want to Study Business Essay Paper Why I Want to Study Business Essay Paper A business essay is a type of written assignments, which encompasses a variety of essay centered around the topic of business. As is often the case, the authors of these assignments have to reflect on the issue of entrepreneurs activity. Exist various formulations of the topics related to the concept of business. One of the most widespread variants is â€Å"Why I want to study business† essay. It belongs to the type of academic papers which demands from a writer an extensive piece of info illustrating his point of view. Students of colleges and universities studying subjects related to entrepreneur activity receive these tasks regularly. They have to prepare an essay and express their vision of business issues and this direction of activity in general. The main task of the author working on this assignment is to express one’s thoughts and explain why a person wants to study business. This type of academic assignment belongs to the descriptive type. A writer should enhance it with the variety of real-life examples and personal experiences. â€Å"Why I want to study business† essay topic belong to the category of complicated topics. People working on this assignment have to possess critical thinking and analytical skills. Apart from that, the person has to be familiar with the basics of leading and launching a business. Apart from that, students preparing an essay on this theme should be able to provide strong arguments explaining why he wants to study business. One needs well-polished writing skills as well to be able to create a grammatically perfect assignment. Moreover, exists many nuances, which writer should bear in mind. It is necessary to treat this task seriously is a person wants to create a winning Why I want to study business† essay. How to write â€Å"Why I want to study business essay? The â€Å"Why I want to study business† essay belongs to the category of written assignments, which pose to a writer a clear task. The task is encoded in the very theme. A student has to provide a clear and distinct answer to the question of why he wants to study business. It may seem simple. However, the task is complex and requires the availability of profound writing experience and critical thinking skills. The work should be well structured, insightful and compelling.   To create a well-written composition, one has to be aware f several nuances helping a writer to succeed. Primarily, one has to analyze the title of the essay and decide on the issues he is going to focus. Take into consideration the target audience and the expectations of the scholarly supervisor. A task for students is to understand what he has to do and after that decide on the means and effective strategies that will help to reach the aim. It may also happen, that scholarly supervisors allow focussing on a specific aspect of â€Å"Why I want to study business† essay topic. In this case, a student has to decide on the specific issues that he will discuss throughout the whole essay. After that, one has to do research and gather enough material. It will serve as a solid ground for one’s paper. You can either use the web sources or consult the library. The primary task of this stage is to collect enough info for the future writing. It is also necessary to create a business plan outline for one’s writing to have a guide. It will allow you to organize all the ideas and order the arguments correctly. The last stage presupposes polishing the essay and eliminating all the mistakes. The structure of â€Å"Why I want to study business† essay Each academic assignment has its formatting and structural specificities. â€Å"Why I want to study business† essay is similar to the essay on any other topic and has the standard structure. This assignment has an introduction, main body, and conclusion. Each of these section has to encompass the necessary structural elements. The intro presents the first portion of information, which sees the target reader. That is why a writer has to make it catchy and informative so that the reader will be eager to continue reading. In the lead-in, an author has to provide background info and familiarize the reader with the topic allowing to get involved in reading. The last sentence of the intro is a thesis. It is the spine of the whole essay. That is why it should be disputable and thought-provoking. The following part is the main body. In this part, the task of the author is to include many strong arguments supporting the thesis. In â€Å"Why I want to study business† essay, one can provide persuasive reasons. Apart from that, you have to enhance each main body paragraph with real-life examples, which will serve as a support to your argument. You can tell about your experience in this field, about the prospects for the development and advantages, which you will receive after finishing the business school. The last structural part is the conclusion. In this block, one has to sum up all the ideas discussed. Moreover, the writer has to refer to the thesis or paraphrase it. It will allow to make the whole text cohesive and demonstrate the connection between all structural parts of the essay. Order Why I want to study business† essay on paperap.com The preparation of the â€Å"Why I want to study business† essay is a serious task. To compile a proper paper, a student to be knowledgeable in this field. What is more, one has to be experienced in writing and be able to think critically. For inexperienced students, this task may pose a real challenge. paperap.com is the business plan writing service offering help with the delivery of all types of written papers! We are the modern writing service offering assistance to all customer! The business plan service works 24/7, and you can turn at any time to get qualified help immediately! paperap.com is a credible website. We have earned the trust and respect of many users. People choose us, as we are credible and offer a considerable number of advantages. Primarily, the website hires the crew of advanced writers, who can quickly and effectively help writing the business plan and essay. They are familiar with all of the writing standards. You can control the whole writing process and make remarks. You may also apply for the unlimited number of revisions. It is possible to count on a refund in case if the final quality of the paper is not suitable for you. If you have questions or remarks, you can always turn to our support center. You will get an immediate response in a live chat regime. paperap.com is the best choice for you! Here you can get qualified assistance within the shortest terms. Contact us and make an order. Indicate all the details and demands. Pay for your order in advance, and we will immediately launch the preparation process. Contact us and get your â€Å"Why I want to study business† essay here!

Organisational Cultural Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organisational Cultural Case Study - Essay Example ..(organization's) own limitations; valuing diversity; and managing the potential dynamics of systemic bias, racism, prejudice, and exclusion within client-health provider relationship† (Srivastava, 2007, p.20). Organisational cultural competence in a health care scenario is also described as â€Å"the ability to provide care with a client-centered orientation that both reflects the client’s cultural values and beliefs and recognizes the impact of marginalization in health care interactions and responses† (Srivastava, 2007, p.20). Rationale for the study What everyone forgets often is that disease has a social context. Cockerham (2007) has shown this by saying that â€Å"income and occupational status join education as the major components of social class† in how people select their health life styles (p.53). WHO has defined that â€Å"health is not only the absence of disease, but also complete physical, mental, and social wellness† (qtd. in Laverac k, 2004, P.14). It is also a known fact that stress, poverty, low socioeconomic status, unhealthy lifestyles, and unpleasant living and working conditions† can cause ill health (Cockerham, 2007, p.1). ... ir opinions, act in real life situations and hold attitudes to their practice are dependent on their culture, which again includes their social class, race, gender, and many similar factors. But a problem arises when these people have an interface with a culturally diverse group of clients. In such a context, there can be a clash of interests, attitudes and values which are culture-specific. For the smooth existence of a service provider-client interface, such conflicts have to be prevented from happening, and this is the realm in which discussions on cultural competency gain relevance. The concept of cultural competence is more than the actions and behavior of one or two individual practitioners but it has to work across the individual, organizational and systemic levels of an organization (Srivastava, 2007, p.20). As far as the people within an organization are concerned, cultural competence has to be ensured from policy and administration levels, through management and to service and support staff. Cultural competence is important in the health care context also because in a health care situation, there is a power relation involved which puts the client in a disadvantageous position in the hierarchy of that power equation. Power being â€Å"perceived as an authority and to engender willing compliance is, clearly, to exercise power,† the service provider can be understood to have power over the client (Fulford, Dickenson and Muray, 2002, p.280). And the exercise of this power has a possibility to be biased by the cultural values and prejudices of the service-provider. In this backdrop, gaining cultural competence through training, awareness and systemic measures can only ensure that non-discriminatory and ethical care is given to all in a health organization. An ideal

Report discussing Spotify's strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Report discussing Spotify's strategy - Essay Example Spotify should use current technology to be stable and compete with the other companies. Introduction Spotify is a Swedish online streaming company offering online music service to the user that they can stream up to 15 million tracks on demand by using unique technology. It still lags behind after Pandora as a market leader. Spotify also introduced lightweight software, which allows an instant listening to albums and tracks without buffering delay. Consumers subscribe monthly premium to access the service. Spotify paid free subscriptions to everyone in order to expand the rate of service (Gammons, 2012). The company offered free accounts and opened free registration in United Kingdom. Spotify closed opened registration when Spotify mobile service was released. Technology is a growing necessity in all types of businesses. As time goes, people learn the importance of technology one by one. This make it impossible to separate technology from the people as it is necessary in day-to-day activities. Technology in Spotify has brought tremendous growth in the company through advertising. Sporty can post their new services online to create new revenue streams and new markets. Technology is also important in decision-making process leading business managers and chief executive officers to focus on innovation in business (Marshall, 2012). Spotify has divided the digital music industry into two submarkets; digital download market consisting of Amazon and iTunes and streaming market which has many competitors. According to the study conducted in 2011, the revenue of digital music industry has grown by 8%. The growth rate of streaming market is greater than that of the download market. Streaming market generates 10% of the revenue of digital music industry (Marshall, 2012). Many companies with similar business models operate in streaming industry leading to strong competition in the market. Companies can only be differentiated from each other by; features regions of operati ons, variations in packaging and licensing of music libraries. The costs of switching from one streaming service to another are very high. This has created a limited compatibility and transfer between the streaming services. The streaming companies are trying to include network effects in their services by introducing social components. Users are granted permissions to create collaborative playlists, they can follow what other people, and friends are listening on the network (Daft, 2011). Network effect adds value to the services leading to attraction of more clients. Streaming companies has essential partners and record labels are natural which creates ready market with strong indirect network effects. Availability of content is important to attraction of customers. When there is large music in the library, the streaming service will be much popular. The streaming industry is a two-sided market where companies should create virtuous circle between customers and record labels. When the subscribers and users are more in a service, there should be more labels having their music recorded on the services. This will lead to attraction of more customers to the larger library available. On the other hand, it is expensive to obtain streaming rights to a large library for successful streaming of services. The primary tactic on how to gain market share is

SWOT Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

SWOT Analysis - Essay Example It advances chess in the American culture through the hosting of the United States Championships. The performance of children and their character are improving. This is considered as strength. According to the mission states of the association, it aims at strengthening the character and the mind of the young scholars. This result is a clear indication that the foundation is realizing its mission statement. This strength is distinctive as the change can be felt in the entire nation. Strengthening the mind of children improves their academic performance. Also, the children affected will impact others and this guarantees the future of a nation. This shows that the organization is beneficial to the nation (Allison et al., 2005). Since the organization is a nonprofit organization which is still achieving its goals, then its volunteers feel motivated. With motivated volunteers, there is the assurance of quality delivery from them. This will also attract more volunteers who will want to work for the organization. With a large number of volunteers, it means that the organization is saving quite an amount of money that could be utilized to meet its goals. Thus the organization will continue being a success, as good work force is vital for success (Allison et al., 2005). The nonprofit organization faces deficit of funds to cover its expenses. It cannot match the salaries of its for-profit competitors. The staff therefore, may not be motivated by the amount of money they earn and the founders, by the profits that they make. This lowers their compensation and diverts their focus on the satisfaction they get from their work. Since the foundation is realizing its goals and making an impact in the entire nation, this should motivate the founders and the staff. The organization’s stakeholders should try to involve donors who provide funds and engage in activities that can raise funds for

Embracing Change Essay Example for Free

Embracing Change Essay If Barack Obama were reelected as the United States President, would change transpire? Located in Charlotte, North Carolina, Eva Longoria took the podium at the Democratic National Convention just before 8:20p.m on September 6, 2012. Eva Longoria was asked by the Democratic Party to speak on behalf of Barack Obama, with the primary intent to target the Latino population, especially women. On the surface, it appeared that Eva Longoria’s purpose was to speak publically in support of the Democratic Party, but the real reason Longoria was asked to speak was because of her star-quality. Many party supporters believe her popularity will attract the attention of Latinos and women voters in favor of Obama’s re-election to the United States Presidency. Through the use of pathos and ethos, Eva Longoria’s well-known status within our society helped her to effortlessly capture the audience’s attention, primarily Latino women, and directing them to the significance of education and the importance of boosting the economy in her speech, I Don’t Need a Tax Break. The audience, of whom Eva Longoria is addressing, has strong political views. They value the significance of education, as well as the value of a strong, stabilized economy. Furthermore, the audience bears specific demographics in gender, social status, class, and occupation. The primary audience that Eva Longoria targeted within her speech, Latinos and women, suffer from the burdens of high taxes, unemployment, unequal pay, as well as a shortage in capital for a quality college education. The audience is aware that these problems exist within our country; however they do not know how change can be made. They are looking for leadership and feel hopeful when promised support by a â€Å"star† sharing the same cultural background. They are quick to overlook the fact that Eva Longoria does not share their financial struggles. The audience believes life can be better, but are naà ¯ve as to how these change can be made. The captivated audience becomes misguided, which in turn affec ts their listening. They only wanted to hear Eva Longoria speak on behalf of the current President Barack Obama, about hope and a promising future. In order for the audience to have reasons for evaluating the speech, I Don’t Need a Tax Break, Longoria stuck to Obama’s goals by expressing the Democratic appeals and following Obama’s presidential plan point-by-point. The relationship between the audience and the speaker is strong because as Longoria indicated in her speech, â€Å"Just like our president and first lady, I took out loans to pay for school. I changed oil in a mechanic shop, I flipped burgers at Wendy’s, I taught aerobics, and I worked on campus to pay them back† (Katz). This quote denoted the hardships that Longoria has faced first-hand throughout the first chapters of her life. This helped her connect to the audience and appear sympathetic to the struggles they are experiencing. Furthermore, Longoria encouraged them to support the Obama campaign so widespr ead economic struggles can be conquered. The audience expects a lot from Longoria because, unlike any other average citizen, Longoria exerts star-quality, which makes her voice and opinion more valuable. On the other hand, Longoria expects the audience to understand and believe that change is possible with their vote for the re-election of President Barack Obama. The audience has the expectations that Eva Longoria will ensure that the changes she has promoted will be followed through during the presidents second term in office. If Obama is re-elected as the President of the United States, the audience should begin to witness change within our society. In order to effectively sway the public vote into Obama’s favor, it is justified through the combined use of electronic, spoken, and print media. All forms of media have both advantages and disadvantages even when used appropriately. It is important to understand the audience to be most successful. In the case of the, I don’t Need a Tax Break speech, oral communication was used to convey its message most effectively. Oral communication increases the credibility of the speaker’s overall message. It can create an emotional connection between the viewer and the speaker, as well as, allow for immediate question and response following the speech. Thus any questions that the audience may have can be clarified following the speech. Throughout Eva Longoria’s speech, she addressed the audience using clear diction making sure each and every word were understood and processed by the viewers. The last sentence of her speech she expressed the phrase, â€Å"Sà ­, se puede† (yes, you can) (Katz) appealing to her Latino Spanish-speaking audience. Eva Longoria wanted the audience to feel that voting for Obama would generate adjustments within our society. Within her speech, she used causes and effects of certain phenomena. In hopes of persuading the Latinos and women who are currently, â€Å"some of the remaining undecided and independent voters,† (Been) she stressed the importance of education. Eva Longoria grew up as the youngest of four girls, with the understanding that for her family, â€Å"education was not an option and was a cardinal priority† (Katz). Therefore, even though Eva Longoria does not have children, she would want them to have the opportunity to receive a worthwhile education. Moreover, in the YouTube video titled, Eva Longoria DNC Speech Democratic National Convention, Eva Longoria referred to America as, â€Å"a nation that rewards ambition with opportunity, where hard work can lead to success no matter where you start.† Furthermore, Eva Longoria continues her argument by explaining Barack Obama’s central purpose in the YouTube video, Eva Longoria DNC Speech Democratic National Convention, â€Å"Our president understands the concept of American opportun ity because he has lived it, and he is fighting to help others achieve it.† In addition to education, she emphasized Obama’s desire to lower taxes for â€Å"any working American,† (Katz) create equal pay for women, and to aid small businesses. This aid would spark new job opportunities by â€Å"helping them get loans and cut their taxes eighteen times† (Katz). During her speech, Longoria continuously pointed out the disparities between Obama’s Democratic appeals and Mitt Romney’s Republican views by this statement in the video within John Boone’s article, â€Å"Obama is moving us forward with opportunity today for prosperity tomorrow. Mitt Romney wants to take us back to yesterday.† Longoria also supported Obama’s beliefs that the middle class is helping drive our economy, and bashed Romney’s â€Å"outsourced pioneers† in the YouTube video, Eva Longoria DNC Speech Democratic National Convention, of whom are doing nothing beneficial. Also, another flaw that Longoria mentioned was how Romney would rather lower his own taxes, while raising those of other American citizens. These are powerful accusations that create tension amongst the viewers who may disagree with these declarations. Clint Eastwood spoke in support of Mitt Romney. Clint Eastwood and Eva Longoria’s speeches, representing Romney at the Republican National Convention and Obama at the Democratic National Convention, are being compared and criticized because they are both speakers in the entertainment field. Clint Eastwood used a cinematic technique by talking to an â€Å"empty chair,† while Eva Longoria did not. They often try and ignore the notion regarding celebrities who partake in politics, â€Å"celebrities should just keep their mouth shut when it comes to politics† (Boone). Eva Longoria made an avid point that she is an â€Å"American first† (â€Å"Eva Longoria: There’ll be ‘no empty chairs’ in my DNC speech†) and was an active participant in politics before she became an actress. She expressed, â€Å"There are things more important than acting and movie turnout, and that’s being civically engaged† (Boone). Eva Longoria came to the Democratic National Convention with one objective – to secure the votes of the Latino population and women voters for the re-election of Barack Obama on Tuesday, November 6, 2012. Within John Boone’s article, there is a video where Eva Longoria declared, â€Å"I represent two communities; the female community and the Hispanic community.† In her speech, for instance, Eva demonstrated a sufficient usage of â€Å"cause and effect† by demonstrating that aiding small businesses will create more occupations for American citizens. In order to successfully support that statement, Eva Longoria claimed in the YouTube video, Eva Longoria DNC Speech Democratic National Convention, â€Å"this is important because small businesses create two out of every three new jobs in America.† Having the ability to vote and make a difference in the political scene is a privilege for one to have. As seen by the video in John Boone’s article Eva Longoria stated, â€Å"By casting your vote, you are deciding the future of America.† WORKS CITED Been, Charley. Eva Longoria Tells DNC I Dont Need A Tax Break . StarzLife. Starzlife, 7 Sept. 2012. Web. 26 Sept. 2012. http://www.starzlife.com/20120907/eva-longoria-tells-dnc-i-dont-need-a-tax-break/%20. Boone, John. Eva Longoria Dubs DNC Appearance the Most Important Speech Ive Ever Done in My Life E! Online. E! Entertainment Television, LLC. A Division of NBCUniversal., 6 Sept. 2012. Web. 26 Sept. 2012. http://www.eonline.com/news/343679/eva-longoria-dubs-dnc-appearance-the-most-important-speech-i-ve-ever-done-in-my-life%20. Eva Longoria DNC Speech Democratic National Convention. Dir. 5portsCenter. Perf. Eva Longoria. YouTube. YouTube, 06 Sept. 2012. Web. 26 Sept. 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mjvj4EJwlvk. Eva Longoria: Therell Be no Empty Chairs in My DNC Speech. TODAY on the Trail. NBCNews.com, 6 Sept. 2012. Web. 26 Sept. 2012.

George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Essay -- essays research papers fc

George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel In 1770 A.D. an inspiring German idealist philosopher, who became one of the most influential thinkers of the 19th century. Hegel was born in Stuttgart on August 27, 1770, the son of a revenue officer with the civil service. He was brought up in an atmosphere of Protestant Pietism and became thoroughly acquainted with the Greek and Roman classics while studying at the Stuttgart gymnasium. Encouraged by his father to become a clergyman, Hegel entered the seminary at the University of TÃ ¼bingen in 1788. There he developed friendships with the poet Friedrich HÃ ¶lderlin and the philosopher Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling. Having completed a course of study in philosophy and theology and having decided not to enter the ministry, Hegel became a private tutor in Berne, Switzerland. In 1797, he assumed a similar position in Frankfurt. Two years later his father died, leaving a financial legacy that was sufficient to free him from tutoring. In 1801, Hegel went to the University of Jena, where he studied, wrote, and eventually became a lecturer. At Jena, he completed The Phenomenology of Mind, one of his most important works. He remained at Jena until October 1806, when the city was taken by the French and he was forced to flee. Having spent the entire legacy left to him by his father, Hegel became editor of the Bamberger Zeitung in Bavaria. However, he disliked journalism, and moved to Nuremberg, where he served for eight years as headmaster of a Gymnasium. During the Nuremberg years Hegel met and married Marie von Tucher. Three children were born to the Hegels, a daughter, who died soon after birth, and two sons, Karl and Immanuel. While at Nuremberg, Hegel published over a period of several years The Science of Logic. In 1816, Hegel accepted a professorship in philosophy at the University of Heidelberg. Soon after, he published a summary of a systematic statement of his entire philosophy entitled Encyclopedia of the P hilosophical Sciences in Outline. In 1818, Hegel was invited to teach at the University of Berlin, where he was to remain. He died in Berlin on November 14, 1831, during a cholera epidemic. After Hegel's death there was a great clash of intellectuals which the Hegelian theologian David Strauss called the clash between "the Left Hegelians and the Right Hegelians." The Left Hegelians were atheists, led b... ... how Marx's theories were based upon some of the opinions expressed by Hegel. Hegel considered the State a symbol the Absolute Truth. He held that the State should be worshipped as the will of God. Furthermore, he suggested that the ideal form of government was a constitutional monarchy. While placing limits upon the monarch, thereby preventing a tyranny, it allows a single person to act for the good of the State. A constitution codifies the will of the people and the rights of the individual. By melding the "I" and the "We" into a common set of principals, the constitution represents the Absolute Mind -- as close to Absolute Truth as humans can be. The monarch is limited to actions in accord with divine logic, Hegel concluded. To be brief and to the point, I think Georg Hegel was a very intelligent man, but a hypocrite. From my research, it seems he just keeps changing his opinions or beliefs on things. It just bothered me, to read about how he thought about it this way then years later he changes it, very troubling. Works Cited 1. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hegel/#Conc 2. http://www.hegel.org/ 3. http://nookie.com 4. http://www.securepornoutlet.com

Marketing Mix Of Audi Essay

Audi is a German based car manufacturing company, known around the world as part of the big three luxury car manufacturers. Along with Mercedes and BMW, Audi is the biggest luxury car manufacturing company globally. Audi oversees all its global production from its head quarters in Bavaria, Germany, and has further nine production facilities world-wide that manufactures their vehicles. Audi has been a majority owned subsidiary group of Volkswagen since 1966, after a purchase by Daimler-Benz of Audi’s predecessor group Auto Union. Volkswagen re-launched the Audi brand with the F103 series, and Audi has gone on to carve itself a niche as a quality manufacturer of automobiles, producing aesthetically pleasing designs combined with a satisfying drive and being mechanically reliable as well. Audi has been selling their luxury cars in India since 2004, but in 2007 Audi India was established as a division of Volkswagen Group Sales India, and began to set up long term plans, involving large scale investments, recruitment drives and high quality sales services to meet its goal of becoming the number one luxury car to be driven in India. Audi is represented in 110 countries world-wide. Product in the Marketing mix of Audi In the early 1990s, Audi had some problems with its microprocessors, causing electronic failures that threatened the company’s reputation, especially in the American market. Audi have worked hard to remedy the problems, and their new motor cars today have much less issues with the electronics, as new and improved technology is found. Audi have added to their range and now offer a wider variety of cars, from the A1, through to the company’s venture into the 4Ãâ€"4 market with the Q5 and Q7. The Audi A4 remains popular, as does the impressive looking Audi TT. As part of the Big Three of car companies in Germany, Audi are one of the top selling luxury sports car brands in the world. In late 2009, Audi posted profits of $1.85 billion. In 2012, the company enjoyed a 10% increase in sales. Audi has a good presence in India, boosted by the opening of a production plant in 2007. As a result, many of the vehicles from the Audi range are available, and car owners are able to go to Audi garages to repair and maintain their vehicles properly. Where Audi India sold 3,003 units in India in 2010, it has sold 10,002 units in  2013 showing 200% growth in 3 years. Place in the marketing mix of Audi Presently, Audi has 28 dealerships across 11 states in India, and in 2010 Audi India reported an increase in sales, compared to the previous year, of 81%. In mid-2014, Audi India will start production of its premium sedan, the A3 at its facility in Aurangabad, and go on to sell it across its dealerships in the country. Although based in Germany, Audi has a world-wide presence, and continues to be a prolific seller of motor cars. The company has set out major plans and investments in markets such as India, to achieve long term goals, and it continues to grow in the Asian countries. Establishing and maintaining a presence through exclusive dealerships and excellent after care services are being used by the company to build on its European reputation. Production numbers for the Audi Company are impressive, with well over a million vehicles being produced in total in 2013. Promotions in the Marketing mix of Audi Audi are involved in many sports and sponsorship ventures, such as sponsoring some Italian football teams, and having a permanent feature in Sony’s Playstation Home. Audi manages to keep itself in the public eye without over doing it. Advertised on billboards and in magazines, and with advertisements on television (TV commercials) over the years, the company was famous for its slogan â€Å"Vorsprung durch Technik† meaning progress through technology and today still uses the same words on its adverts. Recently, it was changed, in the USA only, to ‘truth in engineering’. Audi relies on the quality of its cars, as well as its reputation as one of the Big Three, to ensure that sales and production figures continue to grow. Its cars in India are often launched by celebrities like the recent launch of Audi RS 7 Sports coupe was done by Bollywood biggie Salman Khan. Because of its niche market, Audi never takes part in mass marketing but instead advertises only in the very premium segment so that it can pull its target market towards the brand. Price in the Marketing mix of Audi The cost of a new Audi A1 in the UK is around 14,000 GBP and in India it is around 19 lac rupees, which shows that Audi has premium pricing or skimming price. Off course, the pricing is completely justified looking at the  quality and the brand image of the car. This pricing is also necessary for the proper positioning of the brand. People like the reputation of the company, and this is reflected in the production of this car – 123,000 plus units in 2013. Dealerships and showrooms offer repayment plans allowing a wide variety of people access to the brand. Of course, Audi has a well respected range of sports cars, such as the Audi TT RS Coupe or the R8 Coupe, but continues to show a steady growth in production of most of its cars over the last 15 years. Audi has witnessed a stellar performance during the last year and the first quarter of 2014 in India. There has been a price rise off late which has been attributed to the increase in the forex rates. However, the company tries its best to rationalize the prices and provide innovative finance options through their own Audi Finance making the purchase attractive. It has it closest competitors in BMW, Volkswagen and Skoda among others.